SELECT 
  category_id, 
  parent_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  parent_id IN(
    446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 
    454, 460, 461, 651, 458, 479
  )

Query time 0.00036

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "9.81"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_categories",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "parent"
      ],
      "key": "parent",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 14,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 14,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "(`unicomps`.`cscart_categories`.`parent_id` in (446,447,448,449,450,451,452,453,454,460,461,651,458,479))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "8.41",
        "eval_cost": "1.40",
        "prefix_cost": "9.81",
        "data_read_per_join": "57K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "category_id",
        "parent_id"
      ]
    }
  }
}